Virunga National Park
Located in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Virunga National Park is Africa’s oldest national park and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Covering over 7,800 km², it is a breathtaking mosaic of volcanoes, tropical forests, savannas, glaciers, and wildlife found nowhere else on Earth.
History and Conservation Legacy
Established in 1925 as Africa’s first national park (formerly Albert National Park), Virunga was created to protect endangered mountain gorillas. Renamed after independence, the park has survived decades of conflict thanks to determined rangers, conservation partners, and global support.
Geography: A Land of Extreme Landscapes
Virunga stretches across a stunning range of ecosystems:
- Virunga Volcanoes – including Mount Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira
- Rwenzori Mountains – snow-capped peaks and glacial valleys
- Forests & Bamboo Zones – rich in primates and birds
- Savannas & Wetlands – around Lake Edward and the Ishasha Plains
This diversity creates one of the richest wildlife habitats on the continent.
Biodiversity: A Sanctuary of Rare Wildlife
Mammals
- Mountain gorillas – one-third of the world’s population lives here
- Chimpanzees
- Elephants, hippos, buffaloes
- Lions, leopards
- Okapi, giant forest hogs
Birds
With 700+ bird species, Virunga is a world-class birding destination. Highlights include the shoebill stork, great blue turaco, and numerous hornbills and sunbirds.
Flora
From dense equatorial forests to alpine meadows and Afro-alpine plants, vegetation changes dramatically with altitude.
Top Activities & Attractions
Gorilla Trekking
Virunga’s signature adventure, track habituated mountain gorillas in their natural forest habitat. Permits cost $400–$500, making it the most affordable gorilla destination.
Mount Nyiragongo
A world-famous trek to the summit of an active volcano, featuring the largest permanent lava lake on Earth. An unforgettable overnight experience.
Rwenzori Mountains
Glacial trekking, waterfalls, and rugged alpine landscapes, ideal for experienced hikers.
Lake Edward & Ishasha Plains
A classic safari area offering sightings of elephants, hippos, lions, crocodiles, and numerous bird species.
Senkwenkwe Gorilla Orphanage
The only facility in the world dedicated to rehabilitating orphaned mountain gorillas.
Tourism Infrastructure
Virunga offers eco-friendly accommodations such as Mikeno Lodge, Kibumba Tented Camp, and Nyiragongo Summit Shelters. All tourism experiences are managed through the Virunga Foundation to ensure safety and conservation.
Conservation Efforts
Virunga is a global symbol of conservation courage.
Ranger Program
Over 700 trained rangers protect the park. More than 200 have lost their lives since the 1990s—true heroes defending wildlife.
Community Projects
The park supports communities through:
- Schools and education programs
- Healthcare and medical outreach
- Jobs in tourism and conservation
- Hydroelectric power plants reducing charcoal dependence
Research
Partnerships with global institutions help monitor wildlife, fight disease, and guide conservation strategies.
Challenges
Despite its importance, Virunga faces ongoing threats such as:
- Armed conflict and militias
- Poaching and illegal wildlife trade
- Charcoal trafficking
- Past pressures for oil exploration
- Impacts of climate change
Conservation teams continue to fight for the park’s future.
Visitor Information
How to Get There
- Via Rwanda: Fly to Kigali → drive 4–5 hours to Goma.
- Via Uganda: Enter via Bunagana border near Kisoro.
Visas & Permits
DRC visa + special tourism permit required. Park arranges everything for visitors.
Safety
Travel only through official Virunga bookings. Tourist areas are heavily protected.
Best Time to Visit
- June–September & December–February (best trekking & hiking)
- Rainy seasons offer lush scenery and excellent birding.
Why Virunga Matters
Virunga is a place of global importance, one of Earth’s last truly wild Edens. It is a refuge for endangered species, a pillar of community development, and a testament to human resilience. Visiting or supporting Virunga helps protect an irreplaceable natural treasure and the people working bravely to defend it.