The Great Wildebeest Migration
Introduction
Every year, nearly two million wildebeests, along with hundreds of thousands of zebras and gazelles, journey across the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem in search of fresh grazing. Known as The Great Wildebeest Migration, this phenomenon is one of the most dramatic wildlife events on Earth. This article breaks down what the migration is, the key stages, challenges, best viewing locations, and why it remains a must-see natural wonder.
What is the Great Wildebeest Migration?
The Great Migration is an annual circular movement of wildebeests, zebras, and gazelles across Tanzania’s Serengeti National Park and Kenya’s Maasai Mara Reserve.
Key Facts:
- Region: Serengeti National Park (Tanzania) and Maasai Mara (Kenya)
- Main species: 1.5 million wildebeests, 200,000 zebras, 300,000 gazelles
- Distance traveled: About 1,800 miles each year
- Movement pattern: A continuous clockwise cycle influenced by rainfall
This migration is a survival-driven journey filled with predators, river challenges, and harsh weather.
Migration Calendar: Month-by-Month Overview
January to March – Calving Season (Southern Serengeti)
Herds gather in the Ndutu plains where over 400,000 calves are born within weeks.
Best for: Predator action and wildlife photography.
April to May – Moving North (Central Serengeti)
The herds begin migrating north as southern grasslands dry.
Best for: Scenic landscapes and fewer crowds.
June to July – Grumeti River Crossing (Western Serengeti)
The animals encounter their first major challenge: the Grumeti River filled with crocodiles.
Best for: Dramatic river scenes and predator interactions.
July to October – Mara River Crossing (Northern Serengeti and Maasai Mara)
The most iconic phase. Massive herds cross the Mara River into Kenya.
Best for: Major crossing events and big cat activity.
November to December – Returning South
Herds move back to the Serengeti as new rains grow fresh grass.
Best for: Viewing the journey south and enjoying lush landscapes.
Challenges Faced During the Migration
The migration is a dangerous odyssey influenced by natural threats:
- River crossings with crocodile attacks and strong currents
- Predators such as lions, cheetahs, leopards, hyenas, and wild dogs
- Injuries, exhaustion, and disease affecting thousands each year
Despite these obstacles, the cycle continues, showcasing the resilience of wildlife.
Why the Migration Matters
- Maintains ecological balance by fertilizing grasslands
- Supports local economies and tourism in Kenya and Tanzania
- Demonstrates remarkable evolutionary adaptation and herd behavior
Best Places to Witness the Migration
Location | Country | Best Time | Highlights |
Ndutu (Ngorongoro) | Tanzania | January to March | Calving season and predator encounters |
Seronera (Central Serengeti) | Tanzania | April to May | Herd movements and scenic views |
Grumeti Reserve | Tanzania | June to July | River crossings and large crocodiles |
Mara River (Northern Serengeti) | Tanzania | July to August | Famous river crossings |
Maasai Mara | Kenya | August to October | Big cats, crossings, predator-prey interactions |
Travel Tips for Viewing the Migration
- Use an experienced safari operator who tracks herd movement
- Carry proper photography equipment, ideally with a powerful zoom lens
- Prepare for variable weather during the wet and dry seasons
- Choose environmentally responsible lodges and tour operators
Final Thoughts
The Great Wildebeest Migration is one of the most extraordinary natural events on the planet. It represents survival, instinct, and the raw power of nature. Whether you are a photographer, conservationist, or wildlife enthusiast, witnessing the migration firsthand is a life-changing experience.